{"id":548,"date":"2019-01-02T05:30:55","date_gmt":"2019-01-02T10:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/?p=548"},"modified":"2024-04-25T23:21:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T03:21:07","slug":"a-reunified-estate-bringing-the-mineral-and-surface-rights-back-together-for-real-property","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/a-reunified-estate-bringing-the-mineral-and-surface-rights-back-together-for-real-property\/","title":{"rendered":"A Reunified Estate: Bringing the Mineral and Surface Rights Back Together for Real Property"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/mineral-rights-1024x537.jpg\" alt=\"Mineral Rights. Do You Own What's Under That Dirt?\" class=\"wp-image-549\" width=\"1024\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/mineral-rights-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/mineral-rights-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/mineral-rights-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/mineral-rights.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When purchasing real estate, it is common for surface rights\nto convey to the buyer. But there are also subsurface rights, such as gas, oil,\nand mineral rights, that do not always transfer. For any buyer in a real estate\ntransaction, it is important to be aware of exactly what they are receiving. If\nthey expect to have mineral rights, for example, it should not be just assumed\nthat those will convey when the deed is transferred into their name. In a lot\nof cases, subsurface rights belong to the seller and will stay with the seller,\nor they belong to a person or corporate entity that they were sold to a long\ntime ago, and not the current seller of the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For those who are just purchasing real estate, finding out\nwhether the subsurface rights are going to convey is important. For those who\nalready own real estate, discovering whether they own the subsurface rights to\ntheir property or whether they can get them back can also be important. In some\ncases there is a great deal of money to be made from the use of these rights,\nsuch as when precious minerals, natural gas, or oil is discovered beneath the\nsurface of someone&#8217;s land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here&#8217;s what should be considered when addressing the issue\nof surface and subsurface rights, along with whether those rights both belong\nto the owner of the land and how to make potential adjustments to ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does the Real Estate Owner Own the Subsurface Rights?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many real estate owners may wrongly assume that they own the\nsubsurface as well as the surface rights to their property. However, the first\nthing they will want to do when considering this issue is checking to see if\nthat is actually the case. The easiest way to do that is to look at their deed\nand see if it states whether they received the subsurface rights along with the\nsurface rights or not. If the deed does not clearly say that they own these\nrights, or if it says that they do not own the rights, finding out who owns the\nrights is the next step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A city or county will have property records on file, such as\ndeeds and other types of conveyances, along with liens, easements, setbacks, variances,\nsurveys, and more. This information may be available online, depending on where\nthe person lives. Some areas of the country make this information much easier\nto locate than other areas do. If the records cannot be found online, stopping\ninto the county clerk&#8217;s office can provide answers to questions about who owns\nsubsurface rights to a specific piece of property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It may be necessary to trace this information back through\nseveral real estate transactions to find out where they were originally sold,\nand then use that as a start to investigate whether the rights were then sold\nto someone else after that initial transaction. While something as simple as an\ninternet search might provide this information, in many cases it will take some\ndigging to uncover who currently holds a property&#8217;s subsurface rights &#8211;\nprovided that they do not belong to the current or immediately previous owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How do Subsurface Rights Become Separated from Surface\nRights?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lot of real estate owners are surprised to find out that\nthey do not own the subsurface rights to the property. That is generally\nbecause most people either assume that the rights to a piece of property\nmean&nbsp;<em>all<\/em>&nbsp;the rights, or they do not even think about the\nsubsurface rights at all. Maybe they genuinely do not care at the time, but it\ncould become important for them later. As for how the two sets of rights became\nseparated in the first place, there are several ways in which this could have\nhappened. Typically, these rights can be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sold to a person or a company<\/li><li>Retained by a previous owner<\/li><li>Leased to a person or a company<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rights that have been sold to a person or a company can be\ntracked down through the clerk of court. If that does not work or the records\ncannot be found, there are private abstract companies that can be hired to\ndiscover who owns something. This is not free in the same way the clerk of\ncourts would be, but it may be necessary in order to determine who the actual\nowner of the subsurface rights is. That is especially true if the rights have\nbeen bought and sold a number of times, or if they were sold a very long time\nago when records may not have been as accurate as they are in more modern\ntimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When rights are retained by the previous owner, it is much\neasier to determine where those rights are located and who they belong to. With\nthat in mind, though, it may still not be easy for the current owner to acquire\nthose rights from the previous one. In short, the person who owns the rights\nmay not want to sell them. It could be that they retained them when they sold\nto the current owner for deliberate reasons, or it could be that they just did\nnot think about including them in the sale. If they were not committed to\nkeeping the rights for themselves, the current owner may be able to purchase\nthem for a fee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes, rights are not sold to another party, but\nthey&nbsp;<em>are<\/em>&nbsp;leased. That can result in a very difficult time\ngetting the rights back. A company or person who has the lease may not want to\ngive that up, and the lease agreement could be part of the deed when the\nproperty&nbsp;transferred&nbsp;to the current owner. That owner can ask to\nbreak or dissolve the lease agreement, but the other party may not agree to do\nso. When that occurs, it may be possible to seek legal remedies. A real estate\nattorney would be the one to talk to on this matter, in order to determine\nwhether there is a valid case for breaking the lease&nbsp;agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How Can the Surface Rights Owner Reunify the Subsurface\nRights?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common way to reunify surface and subsurface rights\nis to buy the subsurface rights from the current owner. There may be other\noptions, of course, but this should be the first course of action. It is\ngenerally the easiest in most cases, and it is also the least likely to be\ncontested by another party later, causing problems with the title, or otherwise\naffect the validity of the ownership interest in the property. Even though\nother options for a subsurface rights transfer exist, purchasing the rights is\nby far the most common and safest choice when done correctly. To do this, a\nsurface rights owner would need to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Find the current owner of the subsurface rights<\/li><li>Negotiate a purchase for those rights, either in part or in full<\/li><li>Transfer the title to the subsurface rights to the current owner of the surface rights<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several types of deeds used to convey these rights from one party to another, such as warranty deeds, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/quitclaim-deed\/\">quitclaim deeds<\/a>, and mineral deeds. Whether or not the party that owns the rights would agree to one of these deed transfers, though, is ultimately what matters. Additionally, the current owner of those rights may want to use a method, such as a quitclaim deed, that does not guarantee as many protections for the party buying the subsurface rights as another method, such as a warranty deed. A deed that is transferred through a title company with proper protections in place is generally the best option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several functions of law that can also be used to\nclaim subsurface rights. These are far different from a standard transfer of\nthe rights through a deed from the current owner to the purchaser. They\ngenerally require the services of an attorney in order to make sure they are\nhandled correctly, and if they are contested by the current subsurface rights\nowner, they could become contentious. That can result in lawsuits and related\nproblems that most real estate owners want to avoid. However, if trying to find\nthe current owner to purchase the rights has not been successful there are\nother choices, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Quiet title action<\/li><li>Abandonment<\/li><li>Adverse possession<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A quiet title action is when the current owner of the\nsurface rights files for title to the subsurface rights. This must be done\nthrough proper channels, and the current owner will have the opportunity to\nstep forward and claim their rights. If the current owner cannot be located,\ndoes not respond to being notified about the quiet title filing, or otherwise\ndoes nothing to try to claim their rights, then there may be a legal ruling in\nfavor of the person attempting to acquire those subsurface rights. At that\npoint, they would then own the rights to the minerals, gas, and oil, or\nwhichever of those they specifically applied for title to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abandonment essentially states that the party who owns the\nrights has abandoned those rights. This would most commonly be seen in cases\nwhere a person or company has owned the subsurface rights for many years, but\nthey have not done anything with them in any way. That could result in the current\nreal estate owner claiming that the owner of the subsurface rights has,\nessentially, abandoned their claim to those rights and no longer should have\nany ownership. This will generally also require a legal ruling, as the other\nparty must be located if possible, and there are specific ways in which that\nparty has to be notified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a real estate owner files for adverse possession, they\nare saying that the current owner of the subsurface rights should not be the\nowner, and that they, the current owner of the real estate, should be the\nrightful owner. They must &#8220;take over&#8221; the rights to the subsurface\nminerals, or the gas and oil that they are attempting to claim ownership to. If\nthey start mining the property, for example, and the current owner of the\nsubsurface rights does nothing to stop them and assert their own ownership interest,\nthe party who has taken over the actionable use of those rights may be able to\nclaim adverse possession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why Would a Real Estate Owner Want to Reunify Surface and\nSubsurface Rights?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several reasons why a real estate owner may want\nto reunify the property rights and hold the deed to both the surface and the\nsubsurface rights on a piece of property. The most common reasons for\nattempting to do that include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Loan issues<\/li><li>Marketable title<\/li><li>Value or income<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All three of these can make sense in particular situations.\nFor example, a mortgage company may not want to provide a loan on a property\nwhere all the rights do not transfer to the purchaser. Additionally, if the\ncurrent owner is trying to sell the property it may be much more marketable and\ncommand a higher price if the subsurface rights convey along with the surface\nrights. Not everyone will care about those rights, but some buyers would not\nwant to purchase a property where they were &#8220;losing&#8221; a lot of the\nright to the use of that property through the lack of ability to access any\nsubsurface rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For real estate owners who see value and income in the\nsubsurface rights to a piece of property, the reason for attempting to reunify\nthose rights with the surface rights is more obvious. They want to make money\noff of their property, and if they can get the subsurface rights through a\nlegal action or purchase them at a fair price, it may be well worth their while\nto do so.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When purchasing real estate, it is common for surface rights to convey to the buyer. But there are also subsurface rights, such as gas, oil, and mineral rights, that do not always transfer. For any buyer in a real estate transaction, it is important to be aware of exactly what they are receiving. If they [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mineral-rights"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Reunified Estate: Bringing the Mineral and Surface Rights Back Together for Real Property - Deeds.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For those who are just purchasing real estate, finding out whether the subsurface (mineral) rights are going to convey is important.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/a-reunified-estate-bringing-the-mineral-and-surface-rights-back-together-for-real-property\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Reunified Estate: Bringing the Mineral and Surface Rights Back Together for Real Property - 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