{"id":6138,"date":"2024-11-25T14:48:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T19:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/?p=6138"},"modified":"2024-11-25T14:48:52","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T19:48:52","slug":"fairer-play-counties-will-adopt-ai-to-delete-racial-deed-restrictions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deeds.com\/articles\/fairer-play-counties-will-adopt-ai-to-delete-racial-deed-restrictions\/","title":{"rendered":"Fairer Play: Counties Will Adopt AI to Delete Racial Deed Restrictions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ever read through your deed and find a stink bomb like this?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe said premises shall not be sold to, owned, used or occupied by any person or persons other than those of the Caucasian race.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s a deed restriction placed on hundreds of Haverford Township, Pennsylvania titles in the 1920s, found by investigators at The Philadelphia Inquirer<\/em>. The township is on the Philadelphia Main Line, which became an \u201cold-money\u201d stronghold along the railroad from the city westward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Haverford Township of today, only 3% of the households are African-American. (The township, the Inquirer<\/em> points out, has hired a consultant firm to guide the area toward racial inclusion.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another deed, from Palo Alto, California, reads: \u201cThe property shall not be used or occupied by any person of African, Japanese, Chinese or Mongolian descent, except for in the capacity as a servant to a White person.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These are called racial covenants, or race-based deed restrictions<\/a>. Earlier buyers agreed to the language in order to hold valid title to their homes. The exclusionary wording still exists in thousands of deeds across the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

New AI Projects Tackle Race-Based Deed Restrictions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Now, imagine you really did find racially offensive language in your deed. What could you do about it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Until just the past few years, you could do nothing at all about it. Traditionally, deeds have been permanent legal instruments. Modifying them was against state law and customary practice. Don\u2019t worry<\/em>, you\u2019d be told. These clauses are no longer enforceable!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Times are changing in front of our eyes. One at a time, states are recognizing that there\u2019s lingering harm in that kind of language. And they are tackling harmful deed restrictions<\/a>. In Missouri<\/a> and elsewhere, there are workshops you can attend, teaching the new art of deleting prejudice from the title records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the task can overwhelm county office staffs with limited resources. To do it on a community level often entails looking through thousands of paper deeds. (Yes, digitizing deeds just recently became a thing, too.) And even in counties that have digitized their records, the task of redacting unconstitutional language is immense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is why counties and cities want to recruit AI to the job.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Santa Clara County, California now has an artificial intelligence tool created at Stanford University. It\u2019s capable of finding and deleting race-based language in deeds by the thousands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you wonder why it\u2019s needed, consider this. California recently enacted a law that says all of its counties must (a) inspect their deeds and (b) delete race-based exclusions from their records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Counties in California have tens of millions of property documents. So, advanced technology is indispensable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We reported on another piece of AI progress earlier this year. It\u2019s a collaboration between West-coast real estate firm John L. Scott and Amazon Web Services<\/a> (AWS). Once it\u2019s up and running, it should let deed holders look up and strike out\u00a0race-based deed restrictions. The name of the project is\u00a0Driving Change<\/em>.It\u2019s meant as a user-friendly tool for ordinary homeowners who live in counties that have digitized deeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testing began in King County, Washington. But any updates on when the tool will be available have yet to come out. Optical character recognition has to be applied to the older deeds, then scaled. So the project is massive. Reporting in the tech magazine ZDNet<\/em> earlier this year said Driving Change<\/em> should debut in early 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Students Lead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stanford’s Regulation, Evaluation and Governance Lab (RegLab) set up its clinic to help Santa Clara County grapple with its unconstitutional deeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers trained artificial intelligence software to automate an otherwise labor-intensive process. It would have taken many years to do this by hand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The task at issue: go through more than 5 million total deeds. Seek and find instances of exclusionary language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The AI tool examined the county\u2019s deeds dated 1902 to 1980, and identified about 7,500 race-based restrictions on ordinary people\u2019s homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The system is also able to strike this language from the deeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About the success of the team in helping California follow its own law, computer science grad student Mirac Suzgun said<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We believe this is a compelling illustration of an academic-government collaboration to make this kind of legislative mandate much easier to achieve and to shine a light on historical patterns of housing discrimination.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uncivil Society<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 1927, something bizarre went down in Germantown, part of West Philadelphia. Scores of deed holders met and drafted a deed restriction to keep certain people \u2014 renters as well as buyers \u2014 out of the neighborhood. The Germantown deed holders wanted to keep local property forever off-limits to households other than the \u201cCaucasian race.\u201d Back then, this particular move was not<\/em> considered bizarre. It was considered an advertising point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s bizarre is the way they\u2019d enforce the restriction. Those in violation, said the deed language, could be evicted by the locals \u201cby force of arms.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when people ask what\u2019s preventing the saving of generational wealth for minority households, this is a pretty stark clue. In many areas of the country, by the force of state laws that upheld deed covenants, they were never allowed to get started. And they were terrorized out of trying. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And it wasn\u2019t just local and state law that did this. And it was much more than a bunch of homeowners\u2019 associations copying blanket exclusions onto all their housing units. The U.S. Department of Commerce actually worked, in the 1920s, with the National Association of Real Estate Boards to concoct a model race restriction. And they urged real estate professionals to use it. Once we know that, it\u2019s not exactly surprising that the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia has identified about 4,000 properties with race-based deed restrictions, forced in the 1920s and 30s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1948, a case brought to the U.S. Supreme Court declared that such covenants offend the Constitution. Nevertheless, the practice continued into the 1950s. Once a racially exclusive deed was in the books, no one could do anything about the language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But times change. So can deeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Supporting References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michaelle Bond for The Philadelphia Inquirer<\/em>, via MSN.com<\/em>: Does Your Deed Say Black, Jewish, or Polish People Can\u2019t Live in Your Home? In Pennsylvania, There\u2019s a New Way to Address Old Discriminatory Language<\/a> (Oct. 10, 2024; interviewing Marshal Granor, a Montgomery County, PA real estate lawyer and others).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABC7 News reporter Dustin Dorsey: Race & Culture \u2013 Stanford-Designed AI Is Helping This Bay Area County Erase Racist Property Records From the Past<\/a> (KGO-TV News 7 San Francisco, interviewing Santa Clara County\u2019s Louis Chiaramonte of the Recorder of Deeds office and others; Oct. 17, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeff Stockamp, Jarman Hauser, and Moussa Koulbou on the AWS Machine Learning Blog by AWS.Amazon.com<\/em>:Real Estate Brokerage Firm John L. Scott Uses Amazon Textract and Amazon Comprehend to Strike Racially Restrictive Language From Property Deeds for Homeowners<\/a> (Oct. 17, \u00a02022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zoe Greenberg for The Philadelphia Inquirer<\/em>: A More Perfect Union \u2013 White Picket Fence<\/a> (Apr. 26, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deeds.com<\/em>:Driving Change \u2013 Can a Real Estate Company Use AI to Root Out Prejudice in Deeds<\/a>? (May 30, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And as linked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More on topics: <\/strong>Artificial intelligence<\/a>, <\/strong>Deed restrictions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Photo credits: Ksenia Chernaya<\/a> and Nappy<\/a>, via Pexels\/Canva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ever read through your deed and find a stink bomb like this? \u201cThe said premises shall not be sold to, owned, used or occupied by any person or persons other than those of the Caucasian race.\u201d That\u2019s a deed restriction placed on hundreds of Haverford Township, Pennsylvania titles in the 1920s, found by investigators at […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[1974,202,1975,1979,1977,875,1980,722,1367,1364,179,1976,1978,1341],"class_list":["post-6138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deed-restrictions","tag-ai-tools","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-deed-history","tag-deed-redaction","tag-driving-change-project","tag-housing-discrimination","tag-housing-inclusion","tag-property-law","tag-racial-covenants","tag-racial-deed-restrictions","tag-real-estate","tag-santa-clara-county","tag-stanford-reglab","tag-title-records"],"yoast_head":"\nFairer Play: Counties Will Adopt AI to Delete Racial Deed Restrictions - Deeds.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Counties are leveraging AI to identify and remove outdated, racially restrictive language in property deeds. 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